Reducing the Farm Carbon Footprint: Insights from Farmers and Agronomists

Today we are talking to Agrii Agronomist Jo Bell and Farmer Freya Morgan.

Reducing the farm carbon footprint, why is that important, where do we start, what is right from your farm, what can we learn from others and crucially is there a benefit when it comes to crop productivity and the farm business

What does a carbon footprint mean for farmers?

Freya Morgan, Farmer:
Four years ago, we started hearing new phrases in the industry such as greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration, and net zero. Through the Farm Business Review, we saw an opportunity to conduct a carbon audit and establish a baseline for our carbon levels. This baseline is essential to understand where we are and measure future improvements as we work towards net zero.

Why is it important to have a baseline carbon footprint?

Jo Bell, Agronomist:
Having a starting point is crucial, just like with organic matter for SFI (Sustainable Farming Incentive). It’s not about achieving a set figure but understanding the current issues and identifying areas where changes can be made.

Why should farmers work on reducing their carbon footprint?

Freya Morgan:
Farmers need to acknowledge that we can be part of the solution, not just the problem. With access to soil, land, woodlands, hedges, and trees, we are uniquely positioned to contribute positively. Our carbon audit showed that we aren’t the villains we’re often made out to be, but there is room for improvement. We must leverage the right tools to make significant changes.

What areas have been identified for change on your farm?

Freya Morgan:
Fertilizer and fuel were highlighted as major contributors to our carbon emissions. This is common for many arable farms. Crop residues also pose a challenge. We decided to focus on addressing fertilizer usage and fuel consumption based on our audit results.

Are fertiliser and fuel the main focus for carbon reduction?

Jo Bell:
Yes, fertilizers and fuel are often the main culprits. Fertilizer has long been a concern due to nitrate leaching issues. This effort to reduce carbon emissions is an extension of those ongoing efforts. It’s essential to evaluate each field individually, assess the soil, and implement tailored solutions to improve profitability and sustainability.

What steps are you taking to reduce fertiliser usage?

Freya Morgan:
We’re fortunate to have a Biogen plant nearby that provides digestate, which we use on fields intended for winter wheat. We also work with Anglian Water for biosolids, which are cheaper and more sustainable. These organic materials help reduce our carbon footprint and improve nutrient content in the soil.

How important is the analysis of these organic materials?

Jo Bell:
Analysis is critical to understand the nutrient content and make informed decisions. Most suppliers, like Anglian Water, provide this analysis, ensuring that the materials meet the farm’s requirements for effective use.

What agronomic benefits do these materials provide?

Jo Bell:
Organic materials contribute to soil health and provide essential nutrients like phosphate, which is crucial for crop establishment. Improved soil health leads to better nutrient uptake and can reduce the need for synthetic fertilisers, ultimately enhancing farm profitability and sustainability.

Are there limitations to using these materials?

Freya Morgan:
Yes, initially, we’re limited in the tonnage we can use as we assess its effectiveness. Managing these applications on a field-by-field basis is essential to ensure optimal results. It’s not a one-size-fits-all solution; careful planning is needed.

What is the difference between digestate and biosolids?

Jo Bell:
The main difference lies in the nutrient analysis. Both materials supply similar nutrients, so it’s essential to evaluate their content and use them accordingly. Placement within a farm rotation is crucial, and high phosphate levels may require alternative solutions like phosphate-releasing agents.

What impact do you expect these changes to have on your carbon footprint?

Freya Morgan:
Fertiliser accounts for about 70% of our carbon emissions, so changes here should make a significant difference. We’ll conduct another carbon audit in the next few years to assess the impact. Increasing yields also plays a role in reducing the overall carbon footprint, so it’s essential to consider all factors together.

Can these changes improve farm profitability and sustainability?

Jo Bell:
Absolutely. Fine-tuning inputs and using sustainable materials like biosolids can improve soil health, reduce nitrogen rates without affecting yield, and boost profitability. Studies have shown that optimizing phosphorus and potash can help reduce nitrogen use while maintaining productivity.

What advice do you have for farmers looking to reduce their carbon footprint?

Freya Morgan:
Don’t be intimidated by the concept of net zero. It’s challenging but achievable. Start with a carbon audit to establish your baseline, seek advice, and leverage available resources. The key is to collaborate, share knowledge, and stay informed.

What advice do you offer as an agronomist?

Jo Bell:
Assess your soil and understand what you’re working with. We can assist with soil evaluations to set a solid foundation for reducing inputs. The new SFI rules offer more flexibility and opportunities for support, so take advantage of them.