Innovative Farm Techniques: Insights on Drilling, Cover Crops, and Soil Health

Steve Corbett and Lincolnshire farmer Andrew Ward discuss trials in sustainable farming practices, covering drilling techniques, cover crops, and effective weed management strategies.

In this episode, host Tony Smith brings together Lincolnshire farmer Andrew Ward and Agrii Trials Manager Steve Corbett to explore ongoing trials at Glebe Farm. Their work centres on optimising drilling techniques, managing black-grass, and evaluating the impact of cover crops and reduced tillage on crop health and productivity.

Background: Why Experiment with New Farm Techniques?

Andrew Ward: Our journey into alternative farming techniques began over a decade ago. Inspired by discussions at Agrii iFarm meetings, we wanted to explore reducing establishment costs and the potential of direct drilling and cover crops. We were concerned we might miss out on cost-effective, sustainable practices and began trials with a dedicated 22-acre field.

Controlling Black-Grass with Cover Crops and Direct Drilling

Andrew Ward: Black-grass has always been a major issue for us, as it is for many farms in Lincolnshire. Tackling black-grass was central to our trial. By adopting direct drilling and cover crops, we wanted to see if these techniques could help manage black-grass pressure without sacrificing yield. Each approach we tried was evaluated for its impact on black-grass control.

Why Heavier Soils Make Direct Drilling More Challenging

Steve Corbett: Lighter soils have shown positive results with direct drilling, cover cropping, and grazing. However, for heavier soils like those on Andrew's farm—comprising over 50% silt and nearly 30% clay—it’s a different story. Heavy soils tend to be more productive but can suffer from compaction, so I was interested in seeing how reduced tillage would perform in these conditions.

Choosing the Right Cover Crop Mix for Black-Grass Control

Andrew Ward: Selecting the right cover crop mix was crucial, and Agrii’s input helped. We focused on spring cropping to manage black-grass as spring barley has been effective for us. However, our heavy soils limit us on planting times, and establishing a robust cover crop between barley harvest and spring planting has been challenging.

Comparing Cultivation Systems: Key Findings

Steve Corbett: We conducted a cultivation trial day to test different approaches, from deep cultivation to very shallow stubble chopping. For our benchmark, we used Andrew’s established system with a disc-based cultivator working at around 8-10 inches deep. This system has consistently delivered excellent results, but we wanted to see if shallower methods could achieve similar yields at lower costs.

Financial Impact of Different Cultivation Techniques

Andrew Ward: When comparing the gross margin of each system, we saw that low-disturbance methods reduced fuel costs but sometimes led to yield penalties. Conversely, our traditional system, while costlier in fuel, resulted in higher yields, especially in high black-grass pressure areas. It's crucial to weigh these costs and benefits when choosing an approach.

Trialling Direct Drills: Assessing the Results

Andrew Ward: After our successful cultivation day, we organised a direct drill day to explore different equipment options. We tested various drills on heavy clay soils, comparing them to our own free-flow drill. Interestingly, our older free-flow drill outperformed many others, providing the best yield results despite being a more budget-friendly option.

Shallow Cultivations and Transitioning Away from Deep Tillage

Andrew Ward: Given the fuel costs associated with deep tillage, we are experimenting with shallower cultivation methods. Our trials show that achieving a friable soil surface is essential for effective seed-to-soil contact, especially with our free-flow drill. By occasionally incorporating a low-disturbance tine for deeper tillage, we can adapt based on field conditions.

Are Cover Crops Providing Financial Benefits?

Andrew Ward: At the moment, we’re not seeing a financial gain from cover crops on heavy soils. With additional costs for establishment, seed, and slug control, cover crops would need to yield more than conventional methods to be profitable. In our trials, cover crops have resulted in higher costs and lower yields, impacting gross margins.

Long-Term Goals for Sustainable Practices on Heavy Soils

Steve Corbett: Reducing inputs like fuel and nitrogen is critical for sustainable farming. Our next phase of trials will look at nutrient use efficiency, asking whether the right nutrient balance can support plant growth with less nitrogen. This approach aligns with our sustainability goals, including carbon footprint reduction and soil health improvement.

Where Can Cover Crops Prove Most Effective?

Steve Corbett: On lighter soils, such as Andrew’s heathland fields, cover crops have been beneficial. With lighter, easier-working soils, we’ve seen improved crop establishment and increased yields. In these areas, grazing cover crops and retaining moisture have proven to be effective for holding nutrients and supporting the following crop.

Top Tips for Farmers Exploring Direct Drilling and Cover Crops

Steve Corbett: Use accurate measurement and data to make informed decisions. With current technology, farmers can gather detailed insights into crop performance, allowing for better decision-making. Don’t rely on assumptions—use data to optimise your approach.

Andrew Ward: Don’t be afraid to try new methods. Experimenting with different techniques allows you to understand what works best for your farm. Standing still can mean falling behind, so testing new practices is essential for maintaining profitability.

Listen to the full Tramlines podcast episode on your preferred platform for more insights from Andrew Ward and Steve Corbett on sustainable farm techniques and improving productivity.